State of the Art Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Targeted therapy has greatly changed the way metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is treated. Agents that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways that otherwise lead to angiogenesis have now become the standard of care. Much research into the sequence and combinations of these agents is ongoing and new anti-angiogenic agents are being developed. This is an overview of the standard treatment of metastatic RCC with targeted therapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Future directions and ongoing clinical trials will be discussed.